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Mineralogical Magazine; April 2006; v. 70; no. 2; p. 159-173; DOI: 10.1180/0026461067020321
© 2006 Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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Emeralds from the Delbegetey deposit (Kazakhstan): mineralogical characteristics and fluid-inclusion study

E. V. Gavrilenko1,2,*, B. Calvo Pérez3, R. Castroviejo Bolibar3 and D. García del Amo1

1 Department of Analytical Sciences, Spain’s National Distance Education University (UNED), Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
2 Spanish Gemological Institute, Víctor Hugo 1, 28004 Madrid, Spain
3 Madrid School of Mines, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Ríos Rosas 21, 28003, Madrid, Spain

* E-mail: egavr{at}ccia.uned.es

The aim of this study is to provide the first detailed mineralogical and fluid-inclusion description of emeralds from the Delbegetey deposit (Kazakhstan). The characteristic features of Delbegetey emeralds are established: they have dissolution figures on crystal faces, bluish colour and distinct colour zoning; the refractive indices are {omega} = 1.566–1.570, {varepsilon} = 1.558–1.562, and the specific gravity is 2.65±0.005, relatively low for natural emeralds; they have very small concentrations of the impurities (Fe, Mg, Na and others) typical of other emeralds, and contain Cr and V; there is a significant preponderance of vapour in fluid inclusions of all types and there is liquid-to-vapour homogenization of primary fluid inclusions (at 395–420°C). The lattice oxygen isotope composition data obtained ({delta}18O SMOW value of 11.3%) situate the deposit within the range characteristic of other granite-related emerald deposits. Emerald crystallization took place in low-density (0.40–0.55 g/cm3) aqueous fluid, with the following chemical composition (mol.%): 75.6–97.4 H2O, 0.0–18.4 CO2, 0.0–0.9 CH4, and 4.06–9.65 wt.% NaCl equiv. salinity. According to the calculated isochores, the pressure of formation of the Delbegetey emeralds can be estimated at 570–1240 bar.

KEYWORDS: emeralds, Delbegetey, Kazakhstan, fluid inclusions, oxygen isotopes






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